2 Kings 22:11

Authorized King James Version

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And it came to pass, when the king had heard the words of the book of the law, that he rent his clothes.

Original Language Analysis

וַֽיְהִי֙ H1961
וַֽיְהִי֙
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 10
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ had heard H8085
כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ had heard
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 2 of 10
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ And it came to pass when the king H4428
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ And it came to pass when the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 3 of 10
a king
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 4 of 10
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
דִּבְרֵ֖י the words H1697
דִּבְרֵ֖י the words
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 5 of 10
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
סֵ֣פֶר of the book H5612
סֵ֣פֶר of the book
Strong's: H5612
Word #: 6 of 10
properly, writing (the art or a document); by implication, a book
הַתּוֹרָ֑ה of the law H8451
הַתּוֹרָ֑ה of the law
Strong's: H8451
Word #: 7 of 10
a precept or statute, especially the decalogue or pentateuch
וַיִּקְרַ֖ע that he rent H7167
וַיִּקְרַ֖ע that he rent
Strong's: H7167
Word #: 8 of 10
to rend, literally or figuratively (revile, paint the eyes, as if enlarging them)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 9 of 10
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
בְּגָדָֽיו׃ his clothes H899
בְּגָדָֽיו׃ his clothes
Strong's: H899
Word #: 10 of 10
a covering, i.e., clothing

Analysis & Commentary

And it came to pass, when the king had heard the words of the book of the law, that he rent his clothes.

This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 22: Rediscovery of God's word brings renewal. The reference to kingship reminds readers that all human authority is subordinate to God's ultimate kingship. In Judah's later history, we see both genuine reforms and deep-rooted corruption, revealing that external religious activity cannot substitute for heart transformation.

The narrative demonstrates God's justice in judging covenant unfaithfulness while maintaining His ultimate purposes for redemption.

Historical Context

Historical Setting: 2 Kings 22 takes place during the final century of Judah's existence, 7th century BCE, including Manasseh and Josiah's reigns. The chapter's theme (Josiah's Reform Begins) reflects the historical reality of the worst apostasy under Manasseh followed by the most thorough reforms under Josiah, demonstrating that external righteousness cannot reverse God's determined judgment. Archaeological evidence from this period includes royal inscriptions, administrative documents, and material culture that corroborate the biblical account while providing additional context for understanding the political and social dynamics at work.

Questions for Reflection

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